Part 1: Using the lab animation, fill in the following data tables to help you answer the questions that follow:
Table 1: Samples 1–5
Phylum/Division | Sample 1: Chrysophyta | Sample 2: Annelida | Sample 3: Arthropoda | Sample 4: Amphibia | Sample 5: Aves |
Common Feature | |||||
Nutrition
How does the organism break down and absorb food? |
Autotrophic | Heterotrophic – Earthworms eat their way through dirt, so they are detritivores. | Heterotrophic – Some are vegetarian, some are carnivorous, and some are decomposers. | Heterotrophic – These are usually vegetarian as tadpoles and carnivores as adults. | Heterotrophic |
Circulatory System (Transport)
How does the organism get what it needs to cells (open, closed, diffusion only)? |
Diffusion only | Closed with 5 aortic arches (hearts) | Open circulatory system with a heart pumping hemolymph | Closed with 3-chambered heart | Closed with 4 – chambered heart |
Respiratory System
How does the organism get oxygen and release carbon dioxide? |
Diffusion only | Diffusion through skin | Diffusion through tracheal tubes | Diffusion through gills as a tadpole and through lungs and skin (especially) as adults | Diffusion through the lungs |
Reproductive System
Does the organism use asexual or sexual reproduction (eggs, seeds, spores, placenta, type of fertilization)? |
Asexual | Hermaphrodites: One body has both sexes Sexual: His special organ called clitellum that moves from the front of the worm to the rear and then falls off, containing the eggs | Sexual: Mostly internal fertilization | Sexual: Mostly external fertilization; must be in water or very moist area | Sexual: Eggs; internal |
Excretory System
How does the organism get rid of wastes and maintain an ionic balance of fluids? |
Diffusion | Nephridia in each segment; solid waste. Exits through the anus | Malpighian tubeles | Kidneys, intestines, anus | Kidneys, intestines, anus |
Growth and Development
Does the organism go through metamorphosis, develop in an egg or uterus, or grow from seeds? |
Start as small cells; grow bigger until division | Start out as fertilized eggs, hatch into little worms that continue to grow, and then mature sexually into adults | Complete (egg, larvae, pupae, adult) or incomplete (egg, nymph, adult) metamorphosis | Metamorphosis; Egg, tadpole, adult | Develop in egg |
Regulation
How does the organism control body processes (hormones, nervous system)? |
The nucleus directs protein synthesis. Euglena have eye spots that can detect light | Tiny anterior brain, ganglia, and the nerve cord runs the length of the body | Tiny anterior brain, nerve cord, ganglia, and extremely well-developed sensory organs | Brain, nervous system, good reflexes | Nervous and endocrine systems |
Sample organism | Phytoplankton | Earthworm | Fruitfly | Frog | Bird |
Table 2: Samples 6–10
Phylum/Division | Sample 6: Reptilians | Sample 7: Mammalia | Sample 8: Bryophyta | Sample 9:
Gymnosperm |
Sample 10: Angiosperm |
Common Feature | |||||
Nutrition
How does the organism break down and absorb food? |
Heterotrophic – Covered with scales | Heterotrophic – Nuture their young with milk | Autotrophic – Nonvascular plants | Autotrophic – Have needles and seeds but no flowers | Autotrophic – Have flowers |
Circulatory System (Transport)
How does the organism get what it needs to cells (open, closed, diffusion only)? |
Closed with 4 – chamber heart | Closed with 4 – chamber heart | Diffusion through cell walls and cell membranes | Xylem and phloem | Xylem and phloem |
Respiratory System
How does the organism get oxygen and release carbon dioxide? |
Diffusion through the lungs | Diffusion through the lungs | Diffusion through cell membranes | Diffusion through stomata | Diffusion through stomata |
Reproductive System
Does the organism use asexual or sexual reproduction (eggs, seeds, spores, placenta, type of fertilization)? |
Sexual: Eggs; internal | Sexual: Placental, in-uterus development (internal) | Sexual: Alternation of generations. Must be in a moist area for the sperm to swim to the egg | Sexual: Alternation of generations. Pollen is the male sex cell | Sexual: Alternation of generations. Pollen is the male sex cell |
Sexual: Excretory System
How does the organism get rid of wastes and maintain an ionic balance of fluids? |
Kidneys, intestines, anus | Kidneys, intestines, anus | None | None | None |
Growth and Development
Does the organism go through metamorphosis, develop in an egg or uterus, or grow from seeds? |
Develop in eggs | Develop in-uterus | Spores, not seeds | Naked seeds in cones | Seeds protected in pods, shells, fruit, and so forth |
Regulation
How does the organism control body processes (hormones, nervous system)? |
Nervous and endocrine systems | Big brain; well-developed nervous system and endocrine system | none | Hormones in apical bud, root, and stem | Hormones in apical bud, root, stem, and leaves |
Sample organism | Snake | Cat | Moss | Pine Tree | Rose |
Part 2: Using the completed data table, answer the following questions:
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- What is common among all samples?
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- What is common among organisms from samples 1, 9, and 10?
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- What is common between the circulatory system of organisms from samples 5, 6, and 7, but different in organisms from sample 4?
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- What is common in the respiration system of organisms from samples 2 and 4?
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- What gas is delivered to the respiratory system of organisms from samples 1, 9, and 10? Why?
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- Which organisms are producers?
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- Which organisms are decomposers?
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- Look at the surface of your hand. You will see the skin and hair made up of protein called keratin. Which organisms did humans inherit that protein from?
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- Which organisms have blood?