Research Report

Question

Functional foods are those containing nutritional supplements in addition to natural nutrients. Examples include orange juice with calcium and eggs with omega-3. Kolodinsky, et al. (2008) examined attitudes toward functional foods for college students. For American students, the results indicated that females had a more positive attitude toward functional foods and were more likely to purchase them compared to

males. In a similar study, a researcher asked students to rate their general attitude toward functional foods on a 7-point scale (higher score is more positive). The results are as follows:

Females  Male

n = 8  n = 12

M = 4.69  M = 4.43

SS = 1.60  SS = 2.72

a. Do the data indicate a significant difference in attitude for males and females? Use a two-tailed test with α=.05.

b. Compute r2, the amount of variance accounted for by the gender difference, to measure effect size.

c. Write a sentence demonstrating how the results of the hypothesis test and the measure of effect size would appear in a research report.

Question

Numerous studies have found that males report higher self-esteem than females, especially for adolescents (Kling, Hyde, Showers, & Buswell, 1999). Typical results show a mean self-esteem score of M = 39.0 with SS = 60.2 for a sample of n = 10 male adolescents and a mean of M = 35.4 with SS = 69.4 for a sample of n = 10 female adolescents.

a. Do the results indicate that self-esteem is significantly higher for males? Use a one-tailed test with α=.01.

b. Use the data to make a 95% confidence interval estimate of the mean difference in self-esteem between male and female adolescents.

c. Write a sentence demonstrating how the results from the hypothesis test and the confidence interval would appear in a research report.